Do imperialismo ao liberalismo. Reinventando o comércio, as instituições e a unidade na Europa pós-Primeira Guerra Mundial

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v8i3.2667

Palavras-chave:

Imperialismo, Liberalismo, Comércio, Instituições, Primeira Guerra Mundial

Resumo

O liberalismo emergiu fortalecido teoricamente no rescaldo da Primeira Guerra Mundial. O início de uma nova ordem liberal em 1918-9 não significava que duraria para sempre ou que não teria oponentes. A autocracia imperial foi substituída pelo coletivismo: tanto da esquerda (comunismo) quanto da direita (nazismo e fascismo). O sistema mundial wilsoniano, baseado no comércio e nas instituições, foi posteriormente atacado pelo totalitarismo que enfraqueceu o liberalismo. O liberalismo como política externa e seus elementos centrais foram revigorados graças ao conflito – pelo menos na Europa Ocidental. Em primeiro lugar, o fato de que o comércio leva à paz, como explica Norman Angell. Em segundo lugar, que o institucionalismo, a democracia e a autodeterminação fortaleceram os Estados, facilitando a cooperação entre eles, conforme defendido por Woodrow Wilson. Por fim, o fato de que a unidade européia pacífica para lutar contra os adversários externos e obter a independência será beneficiado, de acordo com Richard Coubenhove-Kalergi, o povo europeu.

Métricas

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Biografia do Autor

Amedeo Gasparini, Universidade Utrecht

Vinculado à Universidade Utrecht, Utrecht, Países Baixos.

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Publicado

2023-08-03

Como Citar

Gasparini, A. (2023). Do imperialismo ao liberalismo. Reinventando o comércio, as instituições e a unidade na Europa pós-Primeira Guerra Mundial. Diversitas Journal, 8(3), 3015–3021. https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v8i3.2667