A Retrospective Causal-Comparative Study on the Influences of Household Demographics, Technological Access, and Economic Factors on Regional Basic and Functional Literacy Rates in the Philippines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v10i4.3496Palabras clave:
Literatura básica, Factores economicos, Literatura funcional, Accesso tecnológicoResumen
Literacy is crucial for navigating everyday life, yet despite national efforts, gaps remain in understanding how household demographics, technological access, and economic factors influence regional basic and functional literacy rates in the Philippines. Thus, this inquiry examined the influences of various factors employing a retrospective causal-comparative design, using secondary data from official government sources such as the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). Kendall's tau (τ) correlation and multiple regression analysis with a stepwise data entry method were employed. Results revealed that household access to electricity, ICT devices, email/ research, social media, and household final consumption expenditure are significantly and positively correlated with regional literacy rates. Conversely, poverty incidence, average annual family income, and families with a cable subscription were negatively correlated. Meanwhile, poverty incidence, access to email and research, television ownership, and regional competitiveness scores are significant predictors of literacy rates. Notably, the current investigation developed a policy framework and advocates for a multi-sectoral approach involving education agencies and government departments, including community stakeholders. Recommendations include expanding access to essential utilities, increasing household spending and income opportunities, leveraging technology in literacy, and enhancing regional competitiveness to foster nationwide literacy improvements. Future scholarly work may use the updated basic and functional literacy data and other factors as they become available, including the health index, human development index, and government social protection programs.
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