Água salina na produção animal: impactos no solo e efeitos indiretos sobre as forragens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v10i4.3620Palavras-chave:
Estresse salino, Sodificação, Toxicidade iônicaResumo
A escassez hídrica em regiões áridas e semiáridas tem intensificado o uso de águas salinas na produção animal e forragens, levantando preocupações quanto aos impactos sobre o solo e no desempenho animal. Esta revisão investiga os principais mecanismos envolvidos nos processos de salinização do solo decorrentes da irrigação com águas de baixa qualidade, destacando os efeitos sobre as propriedades físico-químicas e biológicas do solo, como condutividade elétrica, capacidade de troca catiônica, atividade microbiana e ciclagem de nutrientes. São discutidos os efeitos adversos da salinidade sobre o crescimento e valor nutricional de plantas forrageiras, com ênfase no estresse osmótico, toxicidade iônica e desequilíbrio nutricional. Analisa, ainda, os reflexos da salinidade na nutrição e desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de ruminantes, ressaltando a necessidade de estratégias integradas como a seleção de espécies tolerantes, o manejo da adubação e o balanceamento mineral das dietas. Os achados evidenciam que, embora a água salina possa ser uma alternativa viável frente à escassez hídrica, seu uso exige um planejamento criterioso para mitigar efeitos negativos nos sistemas produtivos.
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