Aspectos botânicos, fitoquímicos e antimicrobianos de Thymus vulgaris: uma breve revisão de literatura.

Ana Caroline Rodrigues; Alexia Araújo  Alencar; Jessica Paiva  Medeiros; Lara Danubia Galvao de  Souza; Joao Henrique Anizio de Farias; Josilanny Araújo de Souza; Abrahão Alves de Oliveira  Filho

doi:10.48017/dj.v7i4.2301

Authors

Ana Caroline Universidade Federal de Campina Grande
Aléxia Federal University of Campina Grande
Jessika Federal University of Campina Grande
Lara Federal University of Campina Grande
Joao Federal University of Campina Grande
Josilanny Federal University of Campina Grande
Abrahão Federal University of Campina Grande

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v7i4.2301

Keywords:

Microbiology, Phytotherapy, Pharmacology

Abstract

Introduction: The use of medicinal plants as a therapeutic resource has been reported since antiquity. Phytotherapy is the science that studies the pharmacological effects of these plants, among those that stand out in the literature is Thymus vulgaris, belonging to the Lamiaceae family, an aromatic medicinal herb, popularly known as thyme in Brazil. Objectives: to evaluate the botanical, chemical and pharmacological properties of thyme. Methodology: This is a narrative literature review carried out in the Google Academic, PubMed and CAPES databases, between the years 2015 to 2020. The screening of articles was performed by critical reading and analysis of titles, abstracts and full texts of written in Portuguese and English on the subject. Results and discussion: Among the main chemical components of thyme are thymol, carvacrol and p-cimene, responsible for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, etc. therapeutic potential. Thymus vulgaris essential oil, specifically, has antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative microorganisms, directly damaging the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. The therapeutic use in health is just one of its applications, thyme is also used as a culinary spice, perfume and insecticide. Conclusion: Thyme is a plant rich in bioactive pharmacological substances with important therapeutic activities for the treatment of numerous diseases. Therefore, its rational use based on scientific knowledge, together with popular knowledge, is necessary and beneficial for society and its well-being.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2002-2005). Estrategia de la OMS sobre medicina tradicional. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/67314/WHO_EDM_TRM_2?sequence=1.

Prakash, P. A. G. N., & Gupta, N. (2005). Therapeutic uses of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) with a note on eugenol and its pharmacological actions: a short review. Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, v 49 (2), pp. 125. https://www.ijpp.com/IJPP%20archives/2005_49_2/125-131.pdf.

Silva, W. S., Chaves, A. C. T. A., Oliveira, D. S., Ribeiro, L. M., Santos, K. A., Ribeiro, J. S., & Vieira, S. N. (2019). Uso de plantas medicinais por idosos no Brasil: Uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Revista de Inovação, Tecnologia e Ciências, v 3 (3). http://periodicos.ftc.br/index.php/ritec/article/view/468.

Barata, L. E. S. (2005). Empirismo e ciência: fonte de novos fitomedicamentos. Ciência e Cultura, v 57 (4), pp. 4-5. http://cienciaecultura.bvs.br/scielo.php?pid=S0009-67252005000400002&script=sci_arttext&tlng=pt.

Joly, C. A., Haddad C. F. B., Verdade, L. M., Oliveira, M. C., Bolzani, V. S., & Berlinck, R. G. S. (2011). Diagnóstico da pesquisa em biodiversidade no Brasil. Revista Usp, (89), pp. 114-133. http://rusp.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-99892011000200009&lng=pt&nrm=isso.

Fontanella, F., Speck, F. P., Piovezan, A. P., & Kulkamp, I. C. (2007). Conhecimento, acesso e aceitação das práticas integrativas e complementares em saúde por uma comunidade usuária do Sistema Único de Saúde na cidade de Tubarão/SC. Arquivos Catarinenses de Medicina, v 36 (2), pp. 69-74. http://www.acm.org.br/revista/pdf/artigos/484.pdf.

Zeni, A. L. B., & Bosio, F. (2011). O uso de plantas medicinais em uma comunidade rural de Mata Atlântica-Nova Rússia, SC. Neotropical Biology & Conservation, v 6 (1), pp. 55-63. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2d86/a86aa14273f5d008ec5ef429c4dfee83a665.pdf.

Dutra, R. C., Campos, M. M., Santos, A. R. S., & Calixto, J.B. (2016). Medicinal plants in Brazil: Pharmacological studies, drug discovery, challenges and perspectives. Pharmacological research, v 112, pp. 4-29. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661816000232.

Francisco, K. M. S. (2010) Fitoterapia: uma opção para o tratamento odontológico. Revista saúde, v 4 (1), pp. 18-24. http://revistas.ung.br/index.php/saude/article/view/432/631.

Aleluia, C. M., Procópio, V. C., Oliveira, M. T. G., Furtado, P. G. S., Giovaninni, J. F. G., & Mendonça, S. M. S. (2017). Fitoterápicos na odontologia. Revista de Odontologia da Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, v 27 (2), pp. 126-134. https://publicacoes.unicid.edu.br/index.php/revistadaodontologia/article/view/263.

Porte, A., & Godoy, R. L. D. O. (2001) Alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L.): propriedades antimicrobiana e química do óleo essencial. Boletim do Centro de Pesquisa de Processamento de Alimentos, v 19 (2), pp. 193-210. https://revistas.ufpr.br/alimentos/article/viewFile/1233/1033.

Mewes, S., Kruger, H., & Pank, F. (2008). Physiological, morphological, chemical and genomic diversities of different origins of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Genetic resources and crop evolution, v 55 (8), pp. 1303-1311. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10722-008-9329-7.

Cordeiro, A. M., Oliveira, G. M. D., Rentería, J. M., & Guimarães, C. A. (2007). Revisão sistemática: uma revisão narrativa. Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões, v 34, pp. 428-431. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-69912007000600012.

Portaria nº 971/2006 do Ministério da Saúde (2006). Diário Oficial da União: Aprova a Política nacional de práticas integrativas e complementares no SUS, 03 de maio de 2006. https://www.cff.org.br/userfiles/38%20-%20BRASIL_%20MINIST%C3%89RIO%20DA%20SA%C3%9ADE_%20Portaria%20n%C2%BA%20971,%20de%2003%20de%20maio%20de%202006_.pdf.

Decreto nº 5813/2006 do Ministério da Saúde (2006). Diário Oficial da União: Aprova a Política nacional de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos e dá outras providências, de 22 de junho de 2006. https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/politica_nacional_fitoterapicos.pdf.

Sandilyan, S., & Van’t klooster, C. I. E. A. (2016). The other sides of invasive alien plants of India—With special reference to medicinal values. Journal for nature conservation, v 31, pp. 16-21. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1617138116300127.

Directorate Agricultural Information Services. Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Private Bag X144, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa. 2009. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/doastratplan2009-10.pdf.

Fredy, C. Y. J. (2015). Evaluación de la Actividad Cicatrizante de un Gel elaborado a base de los extractos de Guarango (Caesalpinia Spinosa), Nogal (Juglans Regia) y Tomillo (Thymus Vulgaris) en ratones (Mus Musculus), [Tesis de Grado, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo], Direccion de Bibliotecas y Recursos para el Aprendizajey la Investigacion, pp. 25. http://dspace.espoch.edu.ec/handle/123456789/3945.

Malik, N. R., Yadav, K. C., & Anurag, V. (2016). Optimization of process parameters in extraction of Thyme oil using response surface methodology (RSM). Science, Engineering and Technology, v 4 (1), pp. 248-256. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kailash-Chandra-Yadav/publication/326367852_Optimization_of_Process_Parameters_in_Extraction_of_Thyme_Oil_Using_Response_Surface_Methodology_RSM_1/links/5b482d2045851519b4b47a51/Optimization-of-Process-Parameters-in-Extraction-of-Thyme-Oil-Using-Response-Surface-Methodology-RSM-1.pdf.

Li, X., He, T., Wan, X., Shen, M., Yan, X., Fan, S., Wang, L., Wang., Xu X., Sui, H., & She, G. (2019). Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from the Genus Thymus. Chemistry & Biodiversity, v 16 (9), pp. e1900254. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201900254.

Saquicaray, M. P. A. (2012). “Evaluación de la Actividad Antiinflamatoria de la Mezcla de Extractos Fluidos de Jengibre (Zingiber officinale), Tomillo (Thymus vulgaris l.), Romero (Rosmarinus officinalis) Mediante el Test de Edema Inducido en ratas (rattus novergicus), [Tesis de Grado, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo Facultad de Ciencias Escuela de Bioquímica y Farmacia]. Direccion de Bibliotecas y Recursos para el Aprendizajey la Investigacion, pp. 29-36. http://dspace.espoch.edu.ec/bitstream/123456789/2003/1/56T00311.pdf.

Dauqan, E. M. A., & Abdullah, A (2017). Medicinal and functional values of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) herb. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, v 5 (2), p. 0-2. https://jabonline.in/admin/php/uploads/188_pdf.pdf.

Čančarević, A., Bugarski, B., Šavikin, K., & Zdunić, G. (2013). Biološka aktivnost vrsta Thymus vulgaris i Thymus serpyllum i njihovo korišćenje u etnomedicini. Institut Za Proučavanje Lekovitog Bilja" Dr Josif Pančić, v 33, pp.3-17. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aleksandra-Jovanovic-4/publication/315734863_Biological_activity_and_ethnomedicinal_use_of_Thymus_vulgaris_and_Thymus_serpyllum/links/5a0989a64585157013a795d3/Biological-activity-and-ethnomedicinal-use-of-Thymus-vulgaris-and-Thymus-serpyllum.pdf.

Mohamed, A., & Omar, A. A. (2013) A study to find thyme oil dose that kill 50% of mice and minimal dose that kill all mice and maximum nonlethal Dose. Nature and Science. v 11 (12), pp. 52-3. http://www.sciencepub.net/nature/ns1112/008_21531ns1112_52_53.pdf.

Prasanth Reddy, V., Kandisa, R. V., Varsha, P. V., & Satyam, S. (2014). Review on Thymus vulgaris traditional uses and pharmacological properties. Med Aromat Plants, v 3 (164), pp. 2167-0412. 1000164. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Arvind-Singh-21/post/Can_any_one_please_provide_geographical_distribution_and_botanical_description_of_these_plants/attachment/59d63e0179197b807799ab0b/AS%3A422147907690496%401477659312708/download/7.pdf.

Javed, H., Erum, S., Tabassum, S., & Ameen, F. (2013). An overview on medicinal importance of. thymus vulgaris. Journal of Asian Scientific Research. v 3 (10), pp. 974-982. https://archive.aessweb.com/index.php/5003/article/view/3549/5623

Vilar, D.A., Vilar, M.A.S, Brandão, M.P., Anjos, C.J.F, & Silva, A.E. (2019). Plantas medicinais: um guia prático. https://repositorio.ifs.edu.br/biblioteca/handle/123456789/1104.

Francisco, K. M. S. (2010). Fitoterapia: uma opção para o tratamento odontológico. Revista saúde, v 4 (1), pp. 18-24. http://revistas.ung.br/index.php/saude/article/view/432/631.

Gomes, M. S. (2014). Atividades biológicas dos óleos essenciais de três espécies de gênero citrus e de seus componentes majoritários [Tese Doutoramento, Universidade Federal de Lavras]. Repositório da Universidade Federal de Lavras. http://repositorio.ufla.br/jspui/bitstream/1/4464/1/TESE_Atividades%20biol%c3%b3gicas%20dos%20%c3%b3leos%20essenciais%20de%20tr%c3%aas%20esp%c3%a9cies%20do%20g%c3%aanero%20Citrus%20e%20de%20seus%20componentes%20majorit%c3%a1rios.pdf.

Filho, R. B. (2010). Contribuição da fitoquímica para o desenvolvimento de um país emergente. Química Nova, v 33 (1), pp. 229-239. https://www.scielo.br/j/qn/a/cFFbqjhnVjkTZ3krwFtXzsd/?format=pdf&lang=pt.

Pereira, A.A., Cardoso, M.G., Abreu, L.R., Morais, A.R., Guimarães, L.G.L., & Salgado, A.P.S.P. (2008). Caracterização química e efeito de óleos essenciais sobre o crescimento de Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli, Ciência e Agrotecnologia, v 32 (3), pp. 887-893. https://www.scielo.br/pdf/cagro/v32n3/a28v32n3.pdf.

Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products. (2013). Assessment report on Thymus vulgaris L., vulgaris zygis L., herba. European Medicines Agency. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal__HMPC_assessment_report/2014/06/WC500167810.pdf.

Shimada, A., & Inagaki, M. (2014). Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory activity of ursolic acid isolated from Thymus vulgaris. Food Science and Technology Research, v 20 (3), pp. 711-714. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/fstr/20/3/20_711/_article/-char/ja/.

Schott, G., Liesegang, S., Gaunitz, F., Gleß, A., Basche, S., Hannig, C., & Speer K. (2017). The chemical composition of the pharmacologically active Thymus species, its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and the antiadherent effects of T. vulgaris on the bacterial colonization of the in situ pellicle. Fitoterapia, v 121, pp. 118–128. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0367326X17306664.

Guarda, A., Rubilar, J. F., Miltz, J., & Galotto, M. J. (2011). The antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated thymol and carvacrol. International journal of food microbiology, v 146 (2), pp. 144-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.02.011.

Burt, S. (2004). Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods: a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, v 94 (3), pp. 223 -253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022.

Nazzaro, F., Fratianni, F., De Martino, L., Coppola, R., & De Feo, V. (2013). Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria. Pharmaceuticals, v 6 (12), pp. 1451-1474. https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/6/12/1451.

Moussaoui, F., & Alaoui, T. (2016).Evaluation of antibacterial activity and synergistic effect between antibiotic and the essential oils of some medicinal plants. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, v 6 (1), pp. 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.09.024.

Semeniuc, C. A., Pop, C. R., & Rotar, A.M. (2017). Antibacterial activity and interactions of plant essential oil combinations against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Journal of food and drug analysis, v 25 (2), pp. 403-408. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1021949816300801.

Luchesi, L.A. (2017). Atividade antibacteriana, antifúngica e antioxidante de óleos essenciais [Dissertação de Mestrado]. Repositório Institucional da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2678.