The use of digital image processing in identifying pathological manifestations on the facades of historic buildings: a literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v11i1.3904Keywords:
Historic heritage, pathological manifestations, digital image processing, damage mapping, industry 4.0, semantic segmentationAbstract
Introduction Historic building façades are continuously exposed to physical and chemical degradation processes, leading to pathological manifestations that may compromise structural safety and cultural value. Due to heritage protection constraints, diagnostic methods must be accurate, non-destructive, and compatible with conservation principles. In this context, digital technologies have emerged as promising tools for the identification and analysis of building pathologies. This paper presents a systematic literature review aimed at identifying and analyzing scientific contributions related to the use of digital image processing, diagnostic engineering, and Industry 4.0 technologies in the identification of pathological manifestations in historic building façades. The review followed established systematic review protocols, including structured searches in national and international databases, predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and qualitative and quantitative analyses of the selected studies. The findings reveal a significant growth in research focused on the digitalization of built heritage, highlighting techniques such as photogrammetry, infrared thermography, 3D laser scanning, unmanned aerial vehicles, and Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM). However, the results also indicate a relevant research gap concerning the direct application of advanced machine learning and semantic segmentation techniques for the automated diagnosis of pathological manifestations in historic façades. It is concluded that the integration of traditional diagnostic approaches with advanced digital tools represents a promising research avenue, with strong potential to enhance conservation, documentation, and restoration decision-making processes for historic buildings.
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