Digital Boundaries: A Review of Clinical and Ethical Issues in Telepsychology among Mental Health Professionals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v9iSpecial1.2870Palabras clave:
assessment, confidentiality, online therapyResumen
Con la epidemia de COVID-19 que comenzó a principios de 2020, la migración masiva involuntaria a la terapia en línea ha cambiado drásticamente el panorama. Debido a esto, los profesionales de la salud mental deben ser conscientes del hecho de que sus obligaciones éticas tradicionales siguen vigentes incluso cuando utilizan la tecnología para ofrecer un servicio. Este estudio de alcance examinó la aplicabilidad de la telepsicología entre los profesionales de la salud mental, así como sus preocupaciones éticas y clínicas. Existe un acuerdo general en este estudio en que brindar tratamientos de salud mental a los clientes a través de la telepsicología es una opción realista y práctica tanto antes como después de la epidemia. Hubo un patrón claro de que las preocupaciones clínicas más prevalentes eran la comunicación no verbal restringida entre el terapeuta y el cliente, las dificultades de comunicación en la relación terapéutica, la inadecuación para algunos trastornos de salud mental y el agotamiento del médico. Por otro lado, la privacidad y el secreto, la formación e instrucción insuficientes en telepsicología, las preocupaciones relacionadas con los límites, las reglas insuficientes de telepsicología y el manejo de emergencias fueron cuestiones éticas importantes. Estos hallazgos abren la puerta a la telepsicología, un método viable para brindar tratamientos psicosociales y de salud mental que tienen como objetivo llegar a clientes a través de fronteras geográficas y continuar el trabajo transformador de fomentar el cambio, la curación y el crecimiento entre los clientes. Comprender estos problemas facilita que los profesionales de la salud mental respondan a futuras emergencias de salud pública y otras catástrofes naturales.
Métricas
Citas
Adjorlolo, S., & Chan, H. C. (2015). Forensic assessment via videoconferencing: Issues and practice considerations. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 15(3), 185-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228932.2015.1015363
American Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct: 2010 Amendments. https://www.apa.org/ethics/code
Baker, K. D., & Ray, M. (2011). Online counseling: The good, the bad, and the possibilities. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 24(4), 341-346. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2011.632875
Barnett, J. E., & Scheetz, K. (2003). Technological advances and telehealth: Ethics, law, and the practice of psychotherapy. Psychotherapy (Chicago, Ill.), 40, 86–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.40.1-2.86
Békés V, Aafjes-van Doorn K, Luo X, Prout TA and Hoffman L (2021) Psychotherapists’ Challenges With Online Therapy During COVID-19: Concerns About Connectedness Predict Therapists’ Negative View of Online Therapy and Its Perceived Efficacy Over Time. Front. Psychol. 12:705699. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.705699
Berger, M., Wagner, T. H., & Baker, L. C. (2005). Internet use and stigmatized illness. Social science & medicine, 61(8), 1821-1827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.03.025
Campbell, L. F., Millán, F. A., & Martin, J. N. (2018). A telepsychology casebook: Using technology ethically and effectively in your professional practice. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000046-000
Cipolletta, S., & Mocellin, D. (2018). Online counseling: An exploratory survey of Italian psychologists’ attitudes towards new ways of interaction. Psychotherapy Research, 28(6), 909-924. http://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2016.1259533
Cooper, S. E., Campbell, L. F., & Smucker Barnwell, S. (2019). Telepsychology: A primer for counseling psychologists. The Counseling Psychologist, 47(8), 1074-1114. http://doi.org/10.1177/0011000019895276
Drum, K. B., & Littleton, H. L. (2014). Therapeutic boundaries in telepsychology: Unique issues and best practice recommendations. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 45(5), 309. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036127
Fisher, C. B., & Fried, A. L. (2003). Internet-mediated psychological services and the American Psychological Association ethics code. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 40(1-2), 103. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.40.1-2.103
Gamble, N., Boyle, C., & Morris, Z. A. (2015). Ethical practice in telepsychology. Australian Psychologist, 50(4), 292-298. https://doi.org/10.1111/ap.12133
Gega, L., Smith, J., & Reynolds, S. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for depression by computer vs. therapist: patient experiences and therapeutic processes. Psychotherapy Research, 23(2), 218-231. http://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2013.76694
Germain, V., Marchand, A., Bouchard, S., Drouin, M. S., & Guay, S. (2009). Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy administered by videoconference for posttraumatic stress disorder. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 38(1), 42-53. http://doi.org/10.1080/16506070802473494
Godine, N., & Barnett, J. E. (2013). The use of telepsychology in clinical practice: Benefits, effectiveness, and issues to consider. International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology, and Learning (IJCBPL), 3(4), 70-83. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcbpl.2013100105
Goldschmidt, Langa, Masilela, Ndhlovu, Mncina, Maubane, and Bujela (2021) Telepsychology and the COVID-19 pandemic: the experiences of psychologists in South Africa. South African Journal of Psychology, Vol. 51(2) 314–324 https://doi.org/10.1177/008124632199328
Grohol, J. M. (2003). The road online to empowered clients and empowered providers. Telepsychiatry and e-Mental Health. First ed. London: Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd, 337-348. https://rb.gy/kqrrf
Hailey, D., Roine, R., Sc Ohinmaa, A. (2008). The effectiveness of telemental health applications: A review. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 53(11), 769-778. https://doi.org/10.1177/07067437080530110
Hardy, Maier, and Gregson (2020) Couple teletherapy in the era of COVID-19: Experiences and recommendations. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. http://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12501
Hertlein, Blumer, and Mihaloliakos (2015) Marriage and Family Counselors’ Perceived Ethical Issues Related to Online Therapy. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, Vol. 23(1) 5-12 https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480714547184
Ibragimov, K., Palma, M., Keane, G., Ousley, J., Crowe, M., Carreño, C., ... & Llosa, A. (2022). Shifting to Tele-Mental Health in humanitarian and crisis settings: an evaluation of Médecins Sans Frontières experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conflict and health, 16(1), 1-15. http://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-022-00437-1
Johnson, G. R. (2014). Toward uniform competency standards in telepsychology: A proposed framework for Canadian counselors. Canadian Psychology, 55(4), 291-302. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038002
Keenan, Tsourtos, and Tieman (2022) Promise and peril-defining ethical telehealth practice from the clinician and patient perspective: A qualitative study. Digital Health Volume 8: 1–17 http://doi.org/10.1177/20552076211070394
Kinsella, A. (2005). Telehealth in hospice care, or telehospice: a new frontier of telehealth service delivery. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 8(4), 711-712. http://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2005.8.711
Kramer, G. M., Kinn, J. T., & Mishkind, M. C. (2015). Legal, regulatory, and risk management issues in the use of technology to deliver mental health care. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 22(3), 258-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2014.04.008
Lin, T., Stone, S. J., Heckman, T. G., & Anderson, T. (2021). Zoom-in to zone-out: Therapists report less therapeutic skill in telepsychology versus face-to-face therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychotherapy, 58(4), 449. http://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000398
Magaletta, P. R., Fagan, T. J., & Ax, R. K. (1998). Advancing psychology services through telehealth in the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 29(6), 543. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.29.6.543
Magaletta, P. R., Fagan, T. J., & Peyrot, M. F. (2000). Telehealth in the federal bureau of prisons: Inmates' perceptions. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31(5), 497. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.31.5.497
Maheu, M. M., & Gordon, B. L. (2000). Counseling and therapy on the Internet. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31(5), 484. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.31.5.484
Maheu, M. M., Pulier, M. L., McMenamin, J. P., & Posen, L. (2012). Future of telepsychology, telehealth, and various technologies in psychological research and practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43(6), 613. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029458
Mallen, M. J., Vogel, D. L., Rochlen, A. B., & Day, S. X. (2005). Online counseling: Reviewing the literature from a counseling psychology framework. The Counseling Psychologist, 33(6), 819-871. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000005278624
Manhal-Baugus, M. (2001). E-therapy: Practical, ethical, and legal issues. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4(5), 551-563. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493101753235142
Miller, T. W., Elliott, B., Long, K., Mazenac, C., & Moder, M. (2006). Telehealth home health applications for adults with developmental disabilities. Telemedicine Journal & e-Health, 12(2), 137-145. http://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2006.12.137
Naal, H., Whaibeh, E., & Mahmoud, H. (2021). Guidelines for primary health care-based telemental health in a low-to middle-income country: the case of Lebanon. International Review of Psychiatry, 33(1-2), 170-178. http://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1766867
Nickelson, D. W. (1996). Behavioral telehealth: Emerging practice, research, and policy opportunities. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 14, 443–457. https://doi.org/cmh7nm
Perrin, P. B., Rybarczyk, B. D., Pierce, B. S., Jones, H. A., Shaffer, C., & Islam, L. (2020). Rapid telepsychology deployment during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A special issue commentary and lessons from primary care psychology training. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76(6), 1173-1185. http://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22969
Peters, M. D., Godfrey, C. M., Khalil, H., McInerney, P., Parker, D., & Soares, C. B. (2015). Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. JBI Evidence Implementation, 13(3), 141-146. https://doi.org/gdkzzq
Peters, M. D., Godfrey, C., McInerney, P., Munn, Z., Tricco, A. C., & Khalil, H. (2017). Scoping reviews. Joanna Briggs Institute reviewer’s manual, 2015, 1-24. https://rb.gy/9km65
Recupero, P. R., & Rainey, S. E. (2005). Informed consent to e-therapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 59(4), 319-331. https://doi.org/kgkm
Regueiro, V. (2016). Efficacy, efficiency, and ethics: The integration of psychology and technology in a post-modern world. Biola University. https://doi.org/10.1177/009164711604400404
Rochlen, A. B., Land, L. N., & Wong, Y. J. (2004). Male restrictive emotionality and evaluations of online versus face-to-face counseling. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 5(2), 190. https://doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.5.2.190
Schopp, L. H., Johnstone, B., & Reid-Arndt, S. (2005). Telehealth brain injury training for rural behavioral health generalists: Supporting and enhancing rural service delivery networks. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(2), 158. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.36.2.158
Shapiro, D. E., & Schulman, C. E. (1996). Ethical and legal issues in e-mail therapy. Ethics & Behavior, 6(2), 107-124. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327019eb0602_3
Shaw, H. E., & Shaw, S. F. (2006). Critical ethical issues in online counseling: Assessing current practices with an ethical intent checklist. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84(1), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2006.tb00378.x
Shore, J. H., Brooks, E., Savin, D., Orton, H., Grigsby, J., & Manson, S. M. (2008). Acceptability of telepsychiatry in American Indians. Telemedicine and e-Health, 14(5), 461-466. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2007.0077
Simpson, J., Doze, S., Urness, D., Hailey, D., & Jacobs, P. (2001). Telepsychiatry as a routine service-the perspective of the patient. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 7(3), 155-160. http://doi.org/10.1258/1357633011936318
Smit, B., & Scherman, V. (2021). Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software for scoping reviews: A case of ATLAS. ti. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, 16094069211019140. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069211019140
Smith, H. A., Allison, R. A., & Rockville, M. D. (1998). Telemental health: Delivering mental health care at a distance. Unpublished summary report, US Department of Health and Human Services, Office for the Advancement of Telehealth, Rockville, MD. https://rb.gy/4tm3k
Stoll, J., Müller, J. A., & Trachsel, M. (2020). Ethical issues in online psychotherapy: A narrative review. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, 993. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsy.2019.00993
Tao Lin, Suzannah J. Stone & Timothy Anderson (2021): Treating from Afar: Mental Health Providers’ Challenges and Concerns During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Behavioral Medicine. http://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2021.1908217
VandenBos, G. R., & Williams, S. (2000). The Internet versus the telephone: What is telehealth anyway? Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31(5), 490. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.31.5.490
Wasem, C., & Puskin, D. (2000). High-tech with the human touch: Using telehealth to reach America's children. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.31.1.3
Whitten, P. (2007). Using Telecommunication Technologies to Deliver Home-Based Care to Seniors. https://doi.org/10.1037/11557-012
Wilson, J. A., & Wells, M. G. (2009). Telehealth and the deaf: a comparison study. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 14(3), 386-402. https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enp008
Wood, J. A., Miller, T. W., & Hargrove, D. S. (2005). Clinical supervision in rural settings: A telehealth model. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(2), 173. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.36.2.173
Zur, O. (2012). Telepsychology or Tele mental health in the digital age: The future is here. California Psychologist, 45(1), 13-15. https://rb.gy/h5wxg
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Jeric Manalili
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
O periodico Diversitas Journal expressa que os artigos são de unica responsabilidade dos Autores, conhecedores da legislação Brasileira e internacional. Os artigos são revisados pelos pares e devem ter o cuidado de avisar da possível incidencia de plagiarismo. Contudo o plagio é uma ação incontestavel dos autores. A Diversitas Journal não publicará artigos com indicios de Plagiarismos. Artigos com plagios serão tratados em conformidade com os procedimentos de plagiarismo COPE.
A violação dos direitos autorais constitui crime, previsto no artigo 184, do Código Penal Brasileiro:
“Art. 184 Violar direitos de autor e os que lhe são conexos: Pena – detenção, de 3 (três) meses a 1 (um) ano, ou multa. § 1o Se a violação consistir em reprodução total ou parcial, com intuito de lucro direto ou indireto, por qualquer meio ou processo, de obra intelectual, interpretação, execução ou fonograma, sem autorização expressa do autor, do artista intérprete ou executante, do produtor, conforme o caso, ou de quem os represente: Pena – reclusão, de 2 (dois) a 4 (quatro) anos, e multa.”
.png){kind=logo}
