Experiencias vividas por pacientes en hemodiálisis en el Reino de Arabia Saudita: un estudio fenomenológico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v11i4.3418Palabras clave:
Desafios, enfrentamiento, Salud PublicaResumen
La hemodiálisis es una experiencia que sustenta la vida y, a la vez, la transforma. Este estudio empleó un enfoque fenomenológico cualitativo para explorar las vivencias de los pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis en el Reino de Arabia Saudita. Mediante un muestreo intencional, se realizaron entrevistas presenciales a 20 participantes, previa obtención de su consentimiento informado. Para garantizar el rigor y la credibilidad, se aplicaron estrategias como la inmersión prolongada en el campo, la validación de los hallazgos por parte de los participantes, la elaboración de descripciones detalladas y el mantenimiento de un registro de auditoría. Asimismo, se utilizó el diseño interpretativo de Creswell para analizar e interpretar los resultados. El estudio revela las experiencias, los desafíos y las estrategias de afrontamiento de los pacientes en hemodiálisis. De los hallazgos principales surgieron dos temas centrales: el impacto de la atención hospitalaria en el bienestar mental, la satisfacción del paciente con la atención recibida y la importancia de una atención coordinada. Las experiencias personales reflejan que la hemodiálisis se percibe como un «riñón artificial» o filtro; si bien es un procedimiento de vital importancia, resulta arduo, exigente y repercute en la calidad de vida. Entre los desafíos que enfrentan los pacientes se encuentran los problemas de bienestar mental —como la depresión y la ansiedad— y las dificultades económicas. Para gestionar estas situaciones, los pacientes recurren a diversas estrategias, tales como seguir las indicaciones de sus terapeutas, llevar un estilo de vida saludable mediante el ejercicio e informarse sobre su enfermedad. Asimismo, resulta fundamental contar con fortaleza mental, capacidad de aceptación y el apoyo de familiares y amigos; además, la participación en fisioterapia ayuda a recuperar una sensación de normalidad y bienestar. En conjunto, esta comprensión profunda permitirá identificar áreas de mejora en los sistemas de atención y apoyo brindados a los pacientes.
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