Effect of E-learning Self-directed Interactive Module (E-SelfIMo) on Students’ Understanding of Earth Science Concepts

English

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v10i2.3444

Keywords:

Conceptual understanding, E-SelfIMO, Philippines, SHS Earth Science, Mixed-Method

Abstract

This study sought to determine the effect of using a researcher-developed e-learning self-directed interactive module (E-SelfIMo) in enhancing the conceptual understanding of selected earth science concepts by senior high school students in the STEM strand of Sorsogon National High School. The study used a mixed-methods approach, consisting of an explanatory sequential research design and a randomized pretest-posttest control group, to compare the conceptual understanding levels of an experimental group of 30 students exposed to E-SelfIMo with 30 students in a control group. An unpaired t-test revealed no significant difference between the initial (pretest) levels of conceptual understanding of the two groups [t(58) = 0.2445, p = 0.40]. After exposure to E-SelfIMo, After exposure to E-SelfIMo, the experimental group demonstrated a significantly higher level of conceptual understanding (x̄ = 129.8, SD = 7.35) than the control group (x̄ = 112.63, SD = 9.84), t(58) = 7.66, p = 0.0001. This result was also supported by the large effect size, with a Cohen’s d value of 1.996. Qualitative analysis also supported the quantitative findings, reporting significant knowledge gains, improved learning skills, greater engagement, enhanced understanding, and positive overall learning experiences among participants due to the interactive simulations, multimedia content, and self-directed nature. The study concludes that students exposed to E-SelfIMo demonstrated significantly higher levels of conceptual understanding, indicating its positive effect on learning outcomes.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Nestor Jr Lasala, Sorsogon State University, Sorsogon City, Philippines

 0000-0002-8910-9613; Sorsogon State University, Sorsogon City, Philippines, nestor.lasala@sorsu.edu.ph

Jhonner Ricafort, Sorsogon State University, Sorsogon City, Philippines

0000-0001-8980-6681, Sorsogon State University, Sorsogon City, Philippines, jhonner.ricafort@sorsu.edu.ph

Jonel Prado, Sorsogon State University, Sorsogon City, Philippines

0009-0000-1825-4453, Sorsogon State University, Sorsogon City, Philippines, jonelprado@sorsu.edu.ph

References

Adawiyah, R., Susilawati, & Anwar, L. (2021). Implementation of an interactive e-module to improve concept understanding of students. In 4th Sriwijaya University Learning and Education International Conference (SULE-IC 2020) (pp. 78–84). Atlantis Press. https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125950406.pdf

Artman, B., & Crow, S. R. (2022). Instructional technology integration and self-directed learning: A dynamic duo for education. International Journal of Self-Directed Learning, 19(1), 30–44. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1346529

Braithwaite, D. W., & Sprague, L. (2021). Conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge, and metacognition in routine and nonroutine problem solving. Cognitive Science, 45(10), e13048. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13048

Calhoun, C., Sahay, S., & Wilson, M. (2021). Instructional design evaluation. In J. K. McDonald & R. E. West (Eds.), Design for learning: Principles, processes, and praxis (Sec. 14). EdTech Books. https://edtechbooks.org/id/instructional_design_evaluation

Delıta, F., Berutu, N., & Nofrıon, N. (2022). Online learning: The effects of using e-modules on self-efficacy, motivation and learning outcomes. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 23(4), 93–107. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2682025

Department of Education (DepEd). (2019). K to 12 basic education curriculum senior high school –core subject. https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/SHS-Core_Earth-Science-CG.pdf

Department of Education (DepEd). (2020). Order No. 018. https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/DO_s2020_018.pdf

Errabo, D. D., & Ongoco, A. A. (2024). Effects of interactive-mobile learning modules in students’ engagement and understanding in genetics. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 17(2), 327–351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-01-2024-0023

Foster, G. C., Lane, D., Scott, D., Hebl, M., Guerra, R., Osherson, D., & Zimmer, H. (2018). An introduction to psychological statistics. University of Missouri. https://irl.umsl.edu/oer/4/

Gestiada, R. J., Tisoy, F. J., & Lasala, N. J. (2025). The 360˚ view: Contextualized virtual reality tours as innovative teaching tool in ecology for elementary school students. Journal of Basic Education Research, 6(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.37251/jber.v6i1.1213

Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Qadri, M. A., & Suman, R. (2022). Understanding the role of digital technologies in education: A review. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3, 275–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2022.05.004

Halim, A., Mahzum, E., Yacob, M., Irwandi, I., & Halim, L. (2021). The impact of narrative feedback, e-learning modules and realistic video and the reduction of misconception. Education Sciences, 11(4), 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11040158

Hurrell, D. P. (2021). Conceptual knowledge or procedural knowledge or conceptual knowledge and procedural knowledge: Why the conjunction is important to teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 46(2), 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2021v46n2.4

Hussein, Y. F., & Csíkos, C. (2023). The effect of teaching conceptual knowledge on students’ achievement, anxiety about, and attitude toward mathematics. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 19(2), em2226. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/12938

Kokoç, M. (2019). Flexibility in e-learning: Modelling its relation to behavioural engagement and academic performance. Themes in eLearning, 12(12), 1–16. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1251161.pdf

Landicho, C. J. (2021). Changes, challenges, and opportunities in teaching senior high school earth science amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age, 6(1), 55–57. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/joltida/issue/59433/777518

Lasala, N., Jr. (2023a). Development and validation of E-SelfIMo: E-Learning self-directed interactive module in earth science. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 11(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj2311.01.07

Lasala, N., Jr. (2023b). EDUTainment: Effectiveness of game-based activities in teaching ecosystem topics. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 11(2), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj2311.02.07

Lasala Jr, N. (2024). Effects of Game-Based Activities on Student's Social Skills and Attitudes toward Learning Science.

Lasala Jr, N., Prado, J., Doringo, N., & Ricafort, J. (2025). BEsMART: Board Examinations Mobile Application Reviewer for Pre-Service Science Teachers using Space Repetition and ypercorrection.

Loberes, J. M., Jalmasco, A. C., & Lasala, N. J. (2025). Interactive story for teaching ecosystem topics using Twine application for elementary school students: English. J. Basic Educ. Res, 6(2), 66-78.

Lubiano, M. L. D. (2018). Interactive e-learning portal for enrichment of conceptual understanding of Grade 8 learners in physics. Tilamsik: The Southern Luzon Journal of Arts and Sciences, 10, 37–50. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED608927.pdf

Martin, M. R. A. (2018). Content validation of earth science module in senior high school. MSEUF Research Studies, 20(1), 61–66. https://www.ejournals.ph/article.php?id=14697

Mujiono, & Herawati, S. (2019). The effectiveness of E-learning based on self-directed learning on sociolinguistic competence of EFL university students. In E. Boeriswati, N. Lustyantie, M. Anwar, F. Arung, A. Supriyana, & O. Fajarianto (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Education, Language and Society (ICELS 2019) (pp. 336–343). Language Education of Postgraduate School, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. https://doi.org/10.5220/0008998603360343

Munna, A. S., & Kalam, M. A. (2021). Teaching and learning process to enhance teaching effectiveness: A literature review. International Journal of Humanities and Innovation, 4(1), 1–4. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED610428.pdf

Oates, S. (2019). The importance of autonomous, self-regulated learning in primary initial teacher training. Frontiers in Education, 4, 102. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2019.00102

Orion, N. (2017). The relevance of earth science for informed citizenship: Its potential and fulfillment. In L. Liete, L. Dourado, Afonso, A. S., & S. Morado (Eds.), Contextualizing teaching to improving learning: The case of science and geography (pp. 41–56). Nova Science Publishers Inc. https://weizmann.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/the-relevance-of-earth-science-for-informed-citizenship-its-poten

Proudfoot, K. (2023). Inductive/deductive hybrid thematic analysis in mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 17(3), 308–326. https://doi.org/10.1177/15586898221126816

Robinson, J. D., & Persky, A. M. (2020). Developing self-directed learners. American Journal of pharmaceutical Education, 84(3), 847512. https://doi.org/10.5688%2Fajpe847512

Seshan, V., Matua, G. A., Raghavan, D., Arulappan, J., Al Hashmi, I., Roach, E. J., Sunderraj, S. E., & Prince, E. J. (2021). Case study analysis as an effective teaching strategy: Perceptions of undergraduate nursing students from a middle eastern country. SAGE Open Nursing, 7, 23779608211059265. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608211059265

Toyon, M. A. S. (2021). Explanatory sequential design of mixed methods research: Phases and challenges. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 10(5), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i5.1262

Van Riesen, S. A. N., Gijlers, H., Anjewierden, A., & de Jong, T. (2018). The influence of prior knowledge on experiment design guidance in a science inquiry context. International Journal of Science Education, 40(11), 1327–1344. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2018.1477263

Vasconcelos, C., & Orion, N. (2021). Earth science education as a key component of education for sustainability. Sustainability, 13(3), 1316. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031316

Vasileiou, K., Barnett, J., Thorpe, S., & Young, T. (2018). Characterising and justifying sample size sufficiency in interview-based studies: Systematic analysis of qualitative health research over a 15-year period. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18, 148. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0594-7

Warne, R. T. (2020). Statistics for the social sciences: A general linear model approach. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108894319.011

Zhu, J., Yuan, H., Zhang, Q., Huang, P.-H., Wang, Y., Duan, S., Lei, M., Lim, E. G., & Song, P. (2022). The impact of short videos on student performance in an online-flipped college engineering course. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 9, 327. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01355-

Downloads

Published

2025-06-28

How to Cite

Lasala, N. J., Ricafort, J., & Prado, J. (2025). Effect of E-learning Self-directed Interactive Module (E-SelfIMo) on Students’ Understanding of Earth Science Concepts: English. Diversitas Journal, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v10i2.3444