Factors Affecting Employability of Differently - Abled Persons (DAP's) in The Local Government Sector of Calbayog City, Philippines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v11iSpecial_2.3967Keywords:
Differently-abled person, employability, individual factors, management factors, external factorsAbstract
This research aimed to study the factors affecting the employability of differently-abled persons (DAPs) in the local government sector of Calbayog City. Specifically, it sought to determine how the employability of the DAPs in the local government sector in Calbayog City is affected in terms of individual factors, management factors, and external factors. The study used a descriptive survey method with a researcher-made questionnaire. It included supervisors, non-DAP employees, and DAP employees from different local government offices in Calbayog City. Total population sampling was used for supervisors, and stratified random sampling was used for other employees, resulting in a sample size of 282. Statistical methods such as frequency distribution, T-test, Z-test, Pearson Correlation, Chi-square test, and multiple responses were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that most respondents were 22-30 years old, male, single, visually and hearing impaired, held a bachelor’s degree, were permanent employees, and were assigned to offices. DAPs were greatly affected by individual and management factors and moderately affected by external factors. The study confirms Michael Oliver’s theory of the Social Model of Disability, that what makes someone disabled is not their medical condition but the attitudes and structures of society towards them, and that correcting these would improve the acceptability of DAPs into mainstream society.
Metrics
References
Ahmed, A., Awad, Z. A. C.M., Yaacob, N. M. (2014). The response of accessibility infrastructures for PWD to National Disability Policies in Higher Institutions of Developing Countries: Case Study of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Journalof Suveying Construction and Property (JSCP), 5(1). ISSN: 1858-7527
Ali, M., Schur, L., & Blanck, P. (2011). What types of jobs do people with disabilities want? Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 21(2), 199-210.
Ajzen, I. (1989). Attitude, structure, and behavior. In A. R. Pratkanis, S. J. Breckler, & A. G. Greenwald (Eds.), Attitude Structure and Function (pp. 241-274). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Processes, 50, 179-211.
Ajzen, I. (2006). Constructing a TPB questionnaire: Conceptual and methodological consideration. Retrieved May 26, 2009, from http://people.umass.edu/ajzen/pdf/tpb.measure.pdf.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1973). Attitudes and normative variables as predictors of specific behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27 (1), 41-57. Ajzen, I, & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2005). The influence of attitudes on behavior. In D. Albarracin, B. T. Johnson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), The handbook of attitudes (pp. 173-221). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Alson, J. N., Espela, C. S., and Urbina, MAC. O. (2019). Factors affecting employability of persons with disabilities. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications (IJMRAP), 1,(9), 1-5.
Bandura, A. (1986). The social learning perspective: Mechanisms of aggression, In H. Toch (Ed.). Psychology of crime and criminal justice 198-236. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
Bandura A. (1997). Self-efficacy and health behaviour, In A. Baum, S. Newman, J. Wienman, R. West, & C. McManus (Eds.). Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and Medicine, 160-162. Cambridge: Cambridge Press.
Bandura, A. (2018). Toward a psychology of human agency. Pathways and reflections. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 130-136.https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617699280
Benjamin, C. L., Puleo, C. M., Settipani, C. A., Brodman, D. M., Edmunds, J. M., Cummings, C. M., & Kendall, P. C. (2011). History of cognitive-behavioral therapy in youth. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 20(2), 179-189.
Brondstrand, H.L. (2006). Tilting at windmills: Changing attitudes toward people `with disabilities: Journal of Rehabilitation 72 (1):4-9
Jans, L. H., Kaye, H. S., & Jones, E. C. (2012). Getting hired: Successfully employed people with disabilities offer advice on disclosure, interviewing, and job search. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 22(2), 155-165.
Gatchalian, EM.D., Bulahao, JP. N., Boyayao, FG.G., Cataina, M.M., Cumilang, J.S., Dunuan, JA. G., Salaguban, P.P. (2014). Dimensions of filipino employers’attitude in hiring person with disability. Philippine Journal of
Groschl S (2013). Presumed incapable: exploring the validity of negative judgments about person with disabilities and their employability in Hotel Operations. Cornell Hospitability, 54(2), 114-123.
Hernandez,B., McDonald, K., Divilbiss, M., Horin, E., Belcoff, J., & Donoso, O. (2008). Reflections from employers on the disabled workforce: Focus groups with healthcare, hospitality, and retail administrators. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 20(3), 157-164.
Kaye, H. S., Jans, L. H., & Jones, E. C. (2011). Why don’t employers hire and retain workers with disabilities? Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 21(4), 526-536.
Kulkarni, M., & Gopakumar, K, V. (2014). Career management strategies of pople with disabilities. Human Resource Management, 26(3), 177-193.
Kulkarni, M. & Kote, J. (2014). Career management strategies of people with diabilities: The role and view of disability training and placement agencies. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 26(3), 177-193.
Marella, M., Devine, A., Armecin, F. G., Zayas, J.,Marco, MJ., and Vaughan, C. (2016). Rapid assessment of disability in the Philippines: understanding prevalence, well-being, and access to the community for people with disabilities to inform the W-DARE. Population Health Metrics, 14(26). DOI 10.1186/s12963-016-0096-y
Mina, C. D. (2013). Employment of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in the Philippines: The case of Metro Manila and Rosario, Batangas. Philippine Institute for Development Studies 2013-13. Retrieved on July 4, 2020 from https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/dps/pidsdps1313.pdf
Pruettikomo, S. and Louhapensang, C. (2018). A study and development of workplace facilities and working environment to increase the work efficiency of persons with disabilities: A case study of major retail and wholesale companies in Bangkok. The Scientific World Journal, 2018. ID: 3142010.
Ramachandra, S. S., Murthy, G.V. S., Shamanna, B.R., Allagh, K.P., Pant, H. B., John, N. (2017). Factors influencing employment and employability for persons with disability: insights from a City in South India. Indian Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine. doi: 104103/ijoem.IJOEM_44_16
Tabuga, A. D. (2010). Factors motivating Person With Disability in the Philippines: the discount privilege in goods and services, 2020-28. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254441750_Factors_Motivating_Participation_of_Persons_with_Disability_in_the_Philippines_The_Discount_Privilege_in_Goods_and_ Services.
Yap, J., Reyes, C., Albert, JR, and Tabuga, A. (2009). Preliminary results of the survey on persons with disabilities (PWD) conducted in selected metro manila cities. Discussion paper 2009-25. discussion series. Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
Adao, JM. P., Julian, AG. B., Pasquel, AN. O. (2018). A study on the acceptance of Republic Act 7277: “Equal o pportunity for employment of people with disabilities” in selected business establishments of Dasmariňas. Retrieved on May 20, 2021 from https://www.academia.edu/36753844/A_Study_on_the_Acceptance_of_Republic_Act_727 7_Equal_Opportunity_For_Employment_of_People_with_ Disabilities_docx.
Batambuze, P. (2017). A baseline survey report on the employment situation of women and girls with disabilities in Mayuge and Iganga Districts, Uganda. IDIWA AWDF Baseline Survey Final Report, 2017.docx. Available at https://www.academia.edu/35101339/IDIWA_AWDF_Baseline_Survey_Fi nal_Report_2017.docx. Retreived on January 20, 2022
Batas Pambansa No. 344. Accessibility Law and its implementing rules and regulations. Retrieved on Sept. 12, 2020 from www.dpwh.gov.ph>bpb344.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2019). Disability and health overview/CDC. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilitiyandhealth/disability.html. Retrieved on Dec 4, 2021.
Cummins, E. (2018). Social integration: definition & theory, chapter 2/lesson 29, Study.com Available at https://study.com/academy/Lesson/social-integration-definition- theory.html. Retrieved on December 2021.
Department of Economic and Social Affairs Disability (n.d.). Disability and Employment. Retrieved on Nov. 4, 2020 at https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/resources/factsheet-on-persons-with-disabilities/disability-and-employment.html
Dianito AJ, Espinosa J, Duran J, Tus J. (2021). A glimpse into the lived experiences and challenges faced of PWD students towards online learning in the Philippines amidst COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Adv Res Innov Ideas Educ., 7(1):1206–30. doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14033435.v1.
Gaunt, P. M., & Lengnick-Hall, M. L., (2014). Overcoming misperceptions about hiring people with disabilities. Retreived from https://www.cprf.org/studies/overcoming- misperceptions-about-hiring- people-with-disabilities/
Figueroa, MD, Orozco, A.H., Martínez, J., and Jaime, WM (2016). The risks of autonomous weapons: An analysis centred on the rights of persons with disabilities. International Review of the Red Cross, 105 (922), 278–305. Persons with disabilities in armed conflict doi:10.1017/S1816383122000881
Lengnick-Hall, M. L., Gaunt, P. M., & Kulkarnii, M. (2008). Overlooked and underutilized: People with disabilities are an untappped human resource. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 255-273.
Lisicki, B. (2015). The social model of disability. Factsheet. Inclusion London. Retrieved on September 20, 2021 from https://www.inclusionlondon.org.uk/wp- content/uploads/2015/05/FactSheets_TheSocialModel_Sept2015.doc.
Oliver, Michael (23 July, 1990). "THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL MODELS OF DISABILITY" (PDF). leeds.ac.uk. Retrieved January 16 2022.
National council on Disability (2010). workforce infrastructure in support of people with disabilies: Matching human resources to service needs. Available at https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED512695.pdfwww.ncd.gov. Retreived on January 5, 2022
Republic Act 7277, Sec. 5. Equal Opportunity for employment. Magna Carta of Disabled Person. Retrieved on September 4 2020 from http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/research/Philippines/RA%207277%20%20Magna%20Carta%20of%20Disabled%20Persons.pdf
Republic Act 7277, Sec. 12. Access to Quality Education. Magna Carta of Disabled Persons. Retrieved on September 4 2020 from http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/research/Philippines/RA%207277%20-%20Magna%20Carta%20of%20Disabled%20Persons.pdf
Republic Act 7277, Sec. 32. Discrimination on employment. Magna Carta of Disabled Persons. Retrieved on September 4 2020 from http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/research/Philippines/RA%207277%20-%20Magna%20Carta%20of%20Disabled%20Persons.pdf
Toritsyn, A. and Kabir, M. (2013). promoting the human rights of person with disabilities in europe and commonwealth of independent states: guide. United Nations Development Programme, Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/content/dam/rbec/docs/BRC%20PWD%20Report.pdf.
Vallas, Fremstad, and Ekman (2015). A Fair Shot for Workers with Disabilities. Center for American Progress. Retrieved on Nov. 4, 2020 at https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/poverty/reports/2015/01/28/105520/a-fair-shot-for-workers-with-disabilities/
Word Health Organization (2011). World report on disability: Summary, 2011. Geneva, Switzerland.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Rolyn Catamora
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Diversitas Journal expresses that the articles are the sole responsibility of the Authors, who are familiar with Brazilian and international legislation.
Articles are peer-reviewed and care should be taken to warn of the possible incidence of plagiarism. However, plagiarism is an indisputable action by the authors.
The violation of copyright is a crime, provided for in article 184 of the Brazilian Penal Code: “Art. 184 Violating copyright and related rights: Penalty - detention, from 3 (three) months to 1 (one) year, or fine. § 1 If the violation consists of total or partial reproduction, for the purpose of direct or indirect profit, by any means or process, of intellectual work, interpretation, performance or phonogram, without the express authorization of the author, the performer, the producer , as the case may be, or whoever represents them: Penalty - imprisonment, from 2 (two) to 4 (four) years, and a fine. ”
